sábado, 12 de julio de 2008

JUANA: EL PAPA QUE RESULTÓ SER MUJER

Durante años, en el Vaticano existieron dos sillas
de mármol en las que los Papas eran coronados.
Estas sillas tenían agujeros en los asientos. Según
la tradición, gracias a esos hoyos se podía comprobar
el sexo del Papa.

¿Por qué era necesaria esta comprobación? Según
algunos, esto se debe a una mujer cuyo nombre fue
borrado de la historia, una mujer que ocupó un lugar
reservado para hombres: la Papisa Juana.

En el año 1280, un hombre llamado Martín de Opava
escribió acerca de una mujer, llamada Juana, que nació
en el año 822 y era hija de un monje, se disfrazó de
hombre para poder estudiar y también seguir a un joven
del que se había enamorado. Juana se cambió el nombre
a Johannes Anglicus ó Juan el Inglés, y viajó de monasterio
en monasterio aprendiendo y conociendo a grandes
personalidades. Juana llegó a Roma y obtuvo un puesto
en el Vaticano. Allí conoció al papa León IV y se convirtió
en su secretaria. Finalmente en Julio del 855, Juana se
convirtió en papa: su nombre Juan VIII. Dos años después,
ella se embarazó y dio a luz en público, en una calle romana.

La multitud la encadenó a un caballo que la arrastró hasta
su muerte. Ahora se dice que los Papas no cruzan nunca
por esa calle para no recordar el hecho.

La leyenda de la Papisa Juana se desarrolló durante la
edad media y se extendió rápidamente. Incluso, la
misma Iglesia la dio por cierta durante mucho tiempo.
En el siglo XVI empezaron a surgir los primeros escritos
que desechan la historia de Juana y en 1601 el Papa
Clemente VIII declaró que la leyenda era falsa. En ese
momento, el busto de Juana en Siena fue destruido.

La mayoría de los investigadores dicen que la Papisa
Juana no es más que una leyenda y que no existe
evidencia para probar lo contrario. El origen, dice,
pudo estar en los grupos que se oponían al Papa,
como una especie de parodia o una burla del
verdadero Juan VIII que se decía, era débil de
carácter.

Algunas personas creen que cuando el Papa Clemente
prohibió la leyenda, hizo destruir todos los manuscritos
que mencionaban a Juana y que la tarea fue sencilla ya
que durante su reinado no se conservaban suficientes
pruebas escritas de su existencia. Sin embargo, algunas
sobrevivieron.

El historiador alemán Frederick Spanheim, por ejemplo,
afirmó haber encontrado más de 500 manuscritos que
hablaban de ella. Pero para los creyentes, la prueba más
importante de la existencia de Juana es el juicio contra
Jan Hus, condenado por herejía en 1413. Jan decía que
los papas no eran infalibles y citó muchos ejemplos de
comportamientos pecadores de algunos malos Papas.
Los jueces, todos ellos miembros de la iglesia, negaron
cada una de las afirmaciones de Hus excepto una: la
de la existencia de Juana, la Papisa.

Para la Iglesia Católica, la Papisa Juana es simplemente
una leyenda medieval. Para otros, es uno de los secretos
mejor guardados de la historia. Y para algunos, fue hasta
una santa, intercesora de milagros, que en lugar de ser
apedreada, murió plácidamente en un monasterio, con
tiempo suficiente para ver que su hijo, aquel nacido en
las calles, se convirtiera en Obispo.

Difícil De Creer

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